BARSS x Mac
Joint Venture
Profile 2

Child Protection &
Trafficking Pipeline

Forensic tracing of Haiti's orphanage-to-trafficking pipeline. Ethnographic evidence meets data architecture to produce the evidence base IBESR and international funders need to act.
Lead Researcher
Dr. Mackynzie Archer, PhD
Applied Anthropologist
University of Tennessee, 2024
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Data & Analytics
Wesley Bertil
BARSS Research
Forensic Economics &
Data Architecture

Prepared for

UNICEF · Save the Children · Lumos · Oak Foundation · GHR Foundation · Better Care Network
Confidential
March 2026

The Crisis

Haiti's orphanage system is not a care system. It is an extraction system that separates children from families, channels international donations to unaccountable operators, and in its worst manifestations feeds trafficking pipelines disguised as charitable work.

754
Orphanages operating in Haiti
IBESR Census, 2019
80%
of children in orphanages have at least one living parent
Lumos / UNICEF
4.6%
of orphanages meet IBESR minimum care standards
IBESR, 35 of 754
$100M+
in annual international donor flows to orphanages
Lumos estimates
75%
of orphanages are unlicensed, operating outside any legal framework
IBESR
99.6%
privately run, mostly by foreign missionaries and NGOs
IBESR

These numbers describe a system where international charity has become the economic engine driving child separation. Orphanage directors pay intermediaries, known as courtiers, to recruit children from rural families under the promise of education and a better life. Once inside the institution, children serve as fundraising instruments, their vulnerability presented to donors as proof of need. The money flows in. The accountability does not flow back.

The Orphanage-to-Outcome Pipeline

At the most extreme end, the orphanage system feeds directly into trafficking networks. Children are funneled into unregulated international adoption pipelines, trafficked across the Dominican border (an estimated 2,000 children annually), or absorbed into the restavek system of unpaid domestic child labor. Reports from field researchers and Haitian authorities have raised the possibility of organ trafficking as well, though systematized evidence remains scarce.

Australia recognized this in its 2018 Modern Slavery Act: orphanage trafficking is a form of modern slavery. The Oxford Human Rights Hub has described Haiti's orphanage system as "a form of child trafficking." Yet the data infrastructure required to trace the pipeline from intake to outcome does not exist.

Missionaries and faith-based organizations are deeply embedded in the orphanage economy. Many operate with sincere intentions. But the structural incentives of the system reward child acquisition over family preservation. And the political protection afforded to religious organizations makes reform exceptionally difficult.

The Compounding Crisis

Haiti's security collapse has made the situation more urgent. UNICEF warned in 2024 that children represent 30-50% of members in some armed groups. Over two million people have been displaced by gang violence. As the Multinational Security Support mission ramps up operations, humanitarian actors will encounter increasing numbers of children requiring protection.

Without intervention, the pattern from 2010 will repeat: temporary shelters will become permanent orphanages, donor funding will flow to institutions rather than families, and a new generation of children will be separated from parents who are alive and willing to care for them.

Community-based care costs as little as one-sixth of institutional care. The question is not whether alternatives exist. The question is whether the evidence base exists to justify the policy shift. That is what this project builds.

The Gap

The child protection field knows orphanages in Haiti are harmful. What it lacks is the systematized evidence to trace the full pipeline from intake to outcome, and the forensic data products to compel policy action.

What Exists

Significant qualitative and advocacy work has been done. Lumos has documented the scale of the problem and supported IBESR in closing 13 institutions. Overture International has facilitated family reunification for children in southern Haiti since 2020. UNICEF has provided technical guidance. Academic research, including Dr. Archer's dissertation, has illuminated the emotional and developmental harm of institutional care.

What Does Not Exist

Gap Why It Matters
Systematized orphanage-to-outcome database Case-level data linking specific orphanages to specific trafficking, adoption, or restavek outcomes has never been aggregated. Data exists in fragments across organizations. It has never been integrated.
Funding flow forensics $100M+ flows annually to Haitian orphanages. Where does it actually go? No systematic tracing of donor-to-orphanage-to-outcome financial flows exists. Donor-side accountability is nearly absent.
Missionary-orphanage network map Religious organizations operate the vast majority of Haiti's orphanages. No comprehensive map links specific missionary networks to specific institutions to specific outcomes.
Keyword-extracted pattern analysis Reunification case files contain rich qualitative data, but systematic keyword extraction and pattern recognition across cases has not been performed at scale.
Per-orphanage or per-region fact sheets IBESR needs actionable evidence documents, not academic papers. No one is producing facility-level or region-level fact sheets designed for regulatory enforcement.
Quantified extraction model The orphanage system extracts value from three populations simultaneously: children (labor, identity), families (separation), and donors (money). No framework models this as an extraction economy.

The field has the diagnosis. What it lacks is the data architecture to turn fragmented evidence into the kind of actionable intelligence that changes policy. That is the specific capability this collaboration provides.

The Team

Ethnographic ground-truth from inside Haiti's child protection system, combined with forensic data architecture capable of producing institutional-grade evidence products. Neither capability exists in isolation in this field.

Lead Researcher
Dr. Mackynzie Archer, PhD
Applied Anthropologist · Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Haiti-based applied anthropologist whose doctoral and professional work has focused on how institutional care systems affect children. Her research provides the ethnographic foundation and field access that makes this project possible.
  • PhD, University of Tennessee (2024): "Someone to keep me: Emotions, labor, trauma, and orphanhood in Haiti." Documented how orphanages create emotional economies where children perform vulnerability for donor audiences
  • MA, University of Tennessee (2019): "Good intentions: Exploring short-term missions in Port-au-Prince, Haiti." Examined missionary engagement with orphanage systems
  • IBESR relationship: Currently pursuing re-accreditation. Met with IBESR head March 29, 2026. Direct policy engagement pathway
  • Overture International data access: Reunification case files from orphanages across southern Haiti, 2020 to present
  • Core finding: Orphanages function as fronts for trafficking, with missionaries and orphanages operating "hand in hand" in the pipeline
  • Previous roles: Crisis Analysis Consultant, Mercy Corps. Research Analyst, Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)
  • Based in Port-au-Prince: Direct field access in an operating environment where most international researchers cannot work
Data Architecture & Analytics
Wesley Bertil
BARSS Research · Forensic Economics & Data Systems
Forensic economic researcher specializing in data architecture, quantitative analysis, and evidence product generation. Brings proven capability to systematize qualitative data into the kind of structured outputs that funders and policymakers require.
  • Data systematization: Keyword extraction, pattern recognition, and network mapping across large qualitative datasets
  • Fact sheet generation at scale: Proven capability. Generated 296 forensic fact sheets for TPS/ICE analysis using automated pipeline. Same methodology applicable to orphanage case files
  • Forensic financial tracing: Funding flow analysis linking donors to orphanages to outcomes. ICIJ Offshore Leaks and OFAC screening integration
  • EEDTM methodology: Quantitative framework for modeling extraction economies, applicable to orphanage system economics
  • Visualization and dashboards: Datawrapper, interactive HTML products, policy-ready visual evidence
  • Academic network: Active collaborations with researchers at Duke, UConn, Princeton, and the Haitian National Reparations Commission (CNHRR)

Supporting Partners

Partner Organization Role in This Project
Lisa Overture International Primary data source. Reunification case files from southern Haiti operations (2020-present). Closed 5 orphanages.
Arielle Jeanty Villedrouin IBESR (Director General) Policy counterpart. Via Dr. Archer's accreditation pathway.
Daniel Tillias KONKRET / SAKALA Community-based youth employment pipeline for orphanage aging-out youth. Economic landing pad for reunified families.

Methodology

A three-phase research design that transforms fragmented field evidence into systematized data products, each phase building on the last, each producing outputs that can stand alone for policy use.

Phase 1
Ethnographic Evidence
Field data collection, case file organization, qualitative coding
Phase 2
Data Architecture
Keyword extraction, pattern recognition, network mapping, financial tracing
Phase 3
Policy Products
Fact sheets, dashboards, IBESR briefs, donor reports

Phase 1: Ethnographic Evidence Collection

Lead: Dr. Archer · Months 1-4

Dr. Archer brings direct access to data that exists nowhere else in aggregated form. Overture International's reunification case files from southern Haiti (2020-present) document the journey of children from orphanage intake through family tracing to reunification outcomes. These files contain interviews, intake records, and case notes that have never been systematically analyzed.

Phase 1 involves organizing this case-level data, conducting additional ethnographic interviews where gaps exist, and establishing the qualitative coding framework that will structure the database. Dr. Archer's existing IBESR relationship, reinforced by her March 2026 re-accreditation engagement, provides the institutional access required for government data and policy input.

Phase 2: Data Architecture and Analysis

Lead: Wesley Bertil · Months 3-8

Wesley builds the analytical infrastructure to transform Phase 1's qualitative evidence into structured, queryable data. This includes:

Component Method Output
Keyword extraction NLP-assisted extraction across all reunification case files to identify recurring patterns, actors, locations, and mechanisms Pattern taxonomy and frequency analysis
Network mapping Cross-referencing orphanage operators, missionary organizations, adoption agencies, and known trafficking routes Missionary-orphanage-outcome network graph
Funding flow tracing Tracking international donor money from source through orphanage to actual expenditure, using public filings, IRS Form 990s, and field-verified spending data Per-orphanage and per-donor financial flow maps
Geospatial analysis Mapping orphanage locations against child origin locations, trafficking route data, and border crossing points Geographic risk maps for IBESR enforcement targeting
Extraction modeling Applying quantitative extraction framework to orphanage economics: who extracts what from whom, at what rate Extraction flow diagrams and value quantification

Phase 3: Policy Product Generation

Joint: Dr. Archer + Wesley Bertil · Months 6-12

The final phase produces the evidence products that IBESR, international organizations, and donor agencies need. Every product is designed for a specific audience and a specific decision. The methodology draws on BARSS Research's proven capability: the same fact-sheet generation pipeline that produced 296 TPS forensic fact sheets is adapted here for orphanage-level and region-level analysis.

Design principle: Every research output must answer a specific policy question for a specific decision-maker. Academic publication is a secondary objective. The primary objective is evidence that changes how children are protected.

Ethical Framework

This research involves vulnerable children and sensitive case data. All work adheres to:

Standard Application
Informed consent All ethnographic data collected under IRB-equivalent ethical protocols. Case files anonymized before data architecture processing.
Do no harm No publication of data that could identify specific children or endanger families. Facility-level analysis uses coded identifiers until IBESR enforcement action is initiated.
Data sovereignty Haitian institutional partners (IBESR) retain ownership of all data products. Research outputs serve Haitian policy priorities first.
Child safeguarding All team members adhere to international child safeguarding standards. No direct interaction with children for research purposes without IBESR oversight.

Proposed Deliverables

Six core data products, each designed for a specific audience and a specific policy use. Built incrementally across the project timeline so early outputs inform later analysis.

01
Orphanage-to-Outcome Database
Systematized from Overture International case files (2020-present). Links specific institutions to specific child outcomes: reunification, adoption, trafficking indicators, restavek placement, or continued institutionalization. The first integrated dataset of its kind for Haiti.
02
Keyword Extraction Analysis
NLP-assisted pattern recognition across reunification case files. Identifies recurring actors, mechanisms, geographic patterns, and risk indicators. Produces a searchable taxonomy of trafficking-adjacent language and behavior documented in case records.
03
Funding Flow Forensics
Traces where international orphanage donations actually go. Maps donor-to-orphanage-to-expenditure flows using IRS Form 990 data, field-verified spending records, and public financial disclosures. Identifies the gap between stated charitable purpose and actual fund utilization.
04
IBESR Policy Brief Series
Actionable evidence documents designed for regulatory enforcement. Each brief addresses a specific policy question: which facilities to prioritize for closure, where to deploy limited inspection resources, what legislative reforms would have the greatest impact.
05
Forensic Fact Sheets
Per-orphanage or per-region evidence profiles modeled on the Brattle Group format. Each fact sheet consolidates all available data on a facility or region: licensing status, funding sources, child outcomes, operator network, and risk indicators. Designed for institutional use.
06
Missionary-Orphanage Network Map
Comprehensive mapping of which religious and missionary organizations operate which orphanages, connected to which adoption agencies, linked to which child outcomes. Visual network graph with queryable underlying database. The first systematic map of this network for Haiti.

Supplementary Outputs

Output Audience Format
Interactive data dashboard IBESR, UNICEF, donors Web-based (Datawrapper / HTML)
Reunification outcome comparison Donors, Better Care Network Report with cost-per-child analysis
Legislative reform brief Haitian Parliament, international advocates Policy brief (FR/EN bilingual)
Academic publication Child protection research community Peer-reviewed journal article (co-authored)
Donor-side accountability brief US/Canadian/EU legislators Policy brief targeting donor-country regulation

Existing Work

This project does not start from zero. Both team members bring completed work that demonstrates capability and provides the foundation for the proposed research.

Dissertation
"Someone to keep me: Emotions, labor, trauma, and orphanhood in Haiti"
Dr. Archer's doctoral research (University of Tennessee, 2024). Multi-year ethnographic study documenting how orphanages create emotional economies where children's vulnerability is performed for donor audiences. Establishes the qualitative foundation for this project's trafficking pipeline analysis. Coverage by BuzzFeed News.
MA Thesis
"Good intentions: Exploring short-term missions in Port-au-Prince, Haiti"
Dr. Archer's master's research (UTK, 2019). Examines the missionary-orphanage nexus that this project maps at scale. Provides the conceptual framework for understanding how well-intentioned actors sustain harmful systems.
Research Briefing
"After Rescue: Why Haiti Must Avoid Rebuilding the Orphanage System"
Published policy briefing (March 2026). Argues that Haiti's current security crisis risks repeating the post-2010 pattern of orphanage expansion. Draws on UNICEF data and Dr. Archer's applied research. Establishes the policy urgency this project addresses.
Policy Document
IBESR-SAKALA Deinstitutionalization Pipeline
Joint strategy document (March 2026) mapping the pathway from orphanage closure through family reunification to economic stability via SAKALA youth franchises. Demonstrates how this research project connects to an operational deinstitutionalization model.
Proven Capability
296 TPS Forensic Fact Sheets
BARSS Research generated 296 individual fact sheets from ICE FOIA data using automated keyword extraction and fact-sheet generation pipelines. Demonstrates the exact methodology proposed for orphanage case file analysis, at scale. Included forensic cross-analysis, performance breakdowns, and emergency legal briefs.
Field Access
IBESR Re-accreditation (In Progress)
Dr. Archer met with the head of IBESR on March 29, 2026 to advance re-accreditation. This direct institutional relationship provides the policy engagement pathway that makes the research actionable.

Engagement Models

Three engagement tiers designed for different funder capacities and timelines. Each tier produces standalone value. All budgets include field costs in Haiti, data infrastructure, and bilingual (FR/EN) output.

Tier 1
Evidence Foundation
$75,000
6 months
  • Orphanage-to-outcome database (Overture case files systematized)
  • Keyword extraction analysis across all available case files
  • 3 regional fact sheets (pilot regions in southern Haiti)
  • 1 IBESR policy brief
  • Methodology report for replication
Tier 3
System Transformation
$320,000
18 months
  • Everything in Tier 2
  • National-scale database (beyond southern Haiti)
  • Geospatial risk mapping for all departments
  • Donor-side accountability briefs (US, Canada, EU)
  • Legislative reform package with IBESR
  • SAKALA economic pipeline integration for reunification families
  • Training module for IBESR inspectors
  • Replication toolkit for other countries

Budget Allocation (Tier 2 Illustrative)

Category Allocation Notes
Lead researcher (Dr. Archer) $72,000 12 months, field-based in Haiti. Includes field travel to southern regions.
Data architecture (Wesley Bertil) $54,000 12 months. Database design, NLP pipeline, fact sheet generation, dashboards.
Field research costs $18,000 Transportation, interpreter support, community engagement, secure data collection.
Data infrastructure $12,000 Secure hosting, NLP tools, visualization platforms, data storage.
Translation and localization $9,000 All outputs produced in French and English. Kreyol summaries for community use.
Publication and dissemination $6,000 Journal fees, report design, IBESR presentation materials.
Contingency (5%) $9,000 Security, logistics, unforeseen field requirements.
Total $180,000

Donor Alignment

This project sits at the intersection of child protection, deinstitutionalization, anti-trafficking, and evidence-based policy. Multiple established funders have active mandates that align precisely with these deliverables.

UNICEF
Already the primary technical partner for IBESR on child protection in Haiti. This project produces the data products UNICEF needs to support IBESR's regulatory capacity. Aligns with UNICEF's global deinstitutionalization agenda and its 2024 warnings about child recruitment by armed groups in Haiti.
Technical Partnership
Lumos
Founded specifically to end the institutionalization of children. Has active operations in Haiti, supported IBESR in closing 13 institutions. This project provides the systematized evidence base Lumos needs to accelerate closures and demonstrate pipeline outcomes to their own funders. Lumos has traced $70M of orphanage funding but the full $100M+ remains unmapped.
Core Mission Alignment
Oak Foundation
Child protection is a flagship program area. Oak funds research that strengthens child protection systems in fragile states. The forensic approach, linking institutional care to trafficking outcomes with data, fits Oak's preference for evidence-driven interventions over advocacy alone.
Research Funding
GHR Foundation
Continuing to fund in Haiti after USAID withdrawal. Catholic alignment with family-based care model. GHR has specifically funded deinstitutionalization work and faith-based orphanage transition programs. This project's missionary network analysis speaks directly to GHR's interest in redirecting faith-based resources toward family preservation.
Faith-Based Transition
Save the Children
Global child protection mandate with Haiti presence. The forensic fact sheets and network maps provide the kind of investigative evidence that supports Save the Children's advocacy for systemic reform, not just individual child rescue.
Advocacy Evidence
Better Care Network / Faith to Action
The leading global network advocating for the transition from institutional to family-based care. This project produces data products BCN can use across their global advocacy. The missionary-orphanage network map directly supports Faith to Action's work redirecting church funding.
Global Advocacy
USAID Displaced Children and Orphans Fund
Despite broader USAID Haiti cuts, DCOF has historically maintained dedicated funding for child protection research and programming. The orphanage-to-outcome database and policy briefs align with DCOF's evidence-generation mandate.
Specialized Fund
European Union
EUR 23M allocated for Haiti in 2026. Deinstitutionalization is an EU policy priority. The evidence products, particularly the legislative reform package and donor-side accountability briefs, align with EU governance strengthening objectives.
Governance & Reform

Timeline

Tier 2 (recommended) implementation schedule. Each phase produces standalone deliverables while building toward the full evidence package.

Period Activities Deliverables
Months 1-3 IBESR accreditation finalized. Overture case files organized and coded. Qualitative coding framework established. Database schema designed. Methodology report. Coding framework. Database architecture document.
Months 3-6 Keyword extraction across case files. Initial network mapping. IRS 990 data collection for orphanage operators. First regional analysis. Keyword extraction analysis. 3 regional fact sheets. First IBESR policy brief.
Months 6-9 Funding flow forensics. Missionary-orphanage network graph construction. Facility-level fact sheet production begins. Dashboard development. Funding flow report. 6 facility-level fact sheets. Network map (draft). Interactive dashboard.
Months 9-12 Full network map finalized. Remaining fact sheets produced. Cost-per-child comparison. Academic paper drafted. Final IBESR briefs delivered. Complete network map. 6 additional fact sheets. Cost comparison report. 3 IBESR policy briefs. Academic publication (submitted).

"Timoun se riches peyi a."

Children are the wealth of the nation.

Haitian proverb

The evidence exists. It has never been systematized. This project changes that.

Contact

For inquiries about engagement, partnership, or funding, please contact either team member directly.

Dr. Mackynzie Archer, PhD
Lead Researcher · Port-au-Prince, Haiti
macarcheranthrorc@gmail.com
Wesley Bertil
Data Architecture & Analytics · BARSS Research
barss.research@gmail.com